Dartmouth College

Das Dartmouth College wurde 1769 in Hanover, New Hampshire gegründet und ist somit das neuntälteste College der USA und die letzte Hochschulgründung der amerikanischen Kolonialzeit. Das Dartmouth College zählt zu den ältesten Universitäten der USA und hat den Rang einer Eliteuniversität. Auch bekannt als "Big Green". Das Motto des Dartmouth College ist "Vox Clamantis in Deserto" (Eine Stimme, die hinaus in die Wildnis schreit).

Geschichte

Gegründet wurde das College 1769 von dem protestantischen Geistlichen Eleazar Wheelock, das jedoch auf einer vorhergehenden Gründung einer Schule für amerikanische Ureinwohnern beruhte.

Das Überleben wurde nach einer Phase der Unsicherheit schließlich gesichert als einer seiner ersten Studenten, Samson Occom, ein Ureinwohner, ein Grundkapital durch Spenden einsammelte. Somit konnte am 13. Dezember 1769 das College auf einer Landschenkung des königlichen Gouverneurs von New Hampshire (damals noch britische Kolonie) John Wentworth, durch eine Urkunde von Georg III. gegründet werden. Benannt wurde das College nach William Legge, dem zweiten Earl of Dartmouth, einem Unterstützer von Wheelock. Das College ist verpflichtet der Bildung "der Jugend der indianischen Stämme, der englischen Jugend und Anderen."

1815 sollte das Dartmouth College in Dartmouth University umbenannt werden und unter größeren staatlichen Einfluss kommen. Nach jahrelangem Rechtsstreit und einer Entscheidung des Obersten Gerichts der USA konnte Dartmouth seine Eigenständigkeit wahren.

Das Dartmouth College gehört zu der sogenannten "Ivy League" wie mehrere Universitäten im Nordosten der USA (wie Yale, Princeton, Harvard u.a.).

Dartmouth College v. William H. Woodward

Im Jahre 1816 sollte das unabhängige College unter größeren staatlichen Einfluss kommen. Hierzu wurde die Gründungsurkunde aus der Kolonialzeit für ungültig erklärt und in eine staatlich Universität "Dartmouth University" umgewandelt. Der damalige President Francis Brown (1815-1820) stritt jedoch vor dem obersten Gerichtshof der USA für die Unabhängigkeit des Colleges. Dartmouth wurde von dem Dartmouth Alumnus und Rechtsanwalt Daniel Webster vertreten. Schließlich erging von Chief Justice John Marshall ein Urteil zugunsten von "Big Green", womit er den Weg ebnete um die Unabhängigkeit von privaten Institutionen zu sichern ["thereby paving the way for all American private institutions to conduct their affairs in accordance with their charters and without interference from the state."]. Dieser Fall sicherte die Unabhängigkeit von privaten Universitäten und ist als "Dartmouth College Case" bekannt.

Organisation

Der Schwerpunkt von Dartmouth liegt in der Ausbildung von "Undergraduates" also Studenten in der ersten universitären Ausbildung. Es studieren rund 4.100 "Undergraduates" und 1.600 "Graduates" in 16 Graduierenden Programmen in Darthmouth.

Dartmouth Medical School

Die Dartmouth Medical School wurde im Jahr 1797 gegründet, als viertälteste medizinische Hochschule der USA.


Thayer School of Engineering

Die Thayer School of Engineering wurde 1867, als erste Ingenieurschule der USA gegründet.


Tuck School of Business

Im Jahr 1900 wurde die Tuck School of Business, als weltweit erste Graduiertenschule für Management gegründet. Trotz der geringen Anzahl von Studenten und Absolventen findet sich diese Schule sehr oft unter den Besten der diversen Rankings, insbesondere für MBAs.

Derzeit sind in Dartmouth 77 Institute und Forschungsprojekte angesiedelt.


Sport

Die Sportteams des Dartmouth College werden The Big Green (inoffiziell) genannt. Die Hochschule ist Mitglied in der Ivy League.


Berühmte Persönlichkeiten

Daniel Webster

__________________
..ich habe mir angewöhnt, dass ich jeden Tag in den Garten schau und eine Blume hinrichte..." (Edmund Stoiber, Bayrischer Ministerpräsident)

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Dartmouth College

Dartmouth College is a private academic institution in Hanover, New Hampshire, in the United States. It is a member of the Ivy League and is one of the nine colonial colleges founded before the American Revolution.

Founded in 1769 by Eleazar Wheelock, with funds partially raised by the efforts of a Native American preacher named Samson Occom, it is the ninth-oldest college in the United States and the seventh-wealthiest in terms of funds per student. In addition to its liberal arts undergraduate program, Dartmouth has medical, engineering, and business schools, as well as 21 graduate programs in the arts and sciences; hence it would tend to be called a university in standard American usage. For the sake of tradition—in part stemming from the legacy of the landmark Dartmouth College Case—and in order to emphasize the central importance it gives to undergraduate education, however, it refers to itself as a college. With a total enrollment of 5,744 (4,078 of whom are undergraduates), Dartmouth is the smallest school in the Ivy League. It is incorporated as Trustees of Dartmouth College.

In 2005 Booz Allen Hamilton selected Dartmouth College as one of the "World's Ten Most Enduring Institutions," recognizing its ability to overcome crises that threatened its survival (most famously Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward). Dartmouth alumni are famously involved in their college, from Daniel Webster to the many donors in the 19th and 20th centuries. Over many generations, Dartmouth has had one of the highest alumni donor participation rates.

History

Dartmouth was made the final colonial college given a royal charter when King George III granted its charter in 1769, mostly as a result of the efforts of Eleazar Wheelock, a Puritan minister, and his patron, Royal Governor John Wentworth. (Queen's College, now Rutgers University, was granted a charter slightly earlier but did not begin operation until after Dartmouth.)

Dartmouth's original purpose was to provide for the Christianization, instruction, and education of "Youth of the Indian Tribes in this Land...and also of English Youth and any others." Ministers Nathaniel Whittaker and Samson Occom (an early Native American clergyman) raised funds for the college in England through an English trust among whose benefactors and trustees were prominent English statemen, including King George III's Secretary of State for the Colonies in North America, William Legge, 2nd Earl of Dartmouth, for whom Dartmouth College is named. The fundraising was meant to support Wheelock's ongoing Connecticut institution of the 1740s, Moor's Indian Charity School (chartered 1754), but Wheelock instead applied the funds to the establishment of Dartmouth College. Classes began in 1770 and the College granted its first degrees in 1771, obtaining a seal to affix on them in 1773. Dejected and betrayed, Samson Occom went on to form his own community of New England Indians called Brothertown Indians in Oneida country in upstate New York.

In 1819, Dartmouth College was the subject of the historic Dartmouth College case, in which the State of New Hampshire's 1816 attempt to amend the College's royal charter to make the school a public university was challenged. An institution called Dartmouth University occupied the college buildings and began operating in Hanover in 1817, though the College continued teaching classes in rented rooms nearby. Daniel Webster, an alumnus of the class of 1801, presented the College's case to the United States Supreme Court, which found the amendment of Dartmouth's charter to be an illegal impairment of a contract by the state and reversed New Hampshire's takeover of the College. Webster concluded his peroration with the famous and frequently-quoted words,

It is, Sir, as I have said, a small college. And yet there are those who love it.

Dartmouth was a men's college until 1972, when women were first admitted as full-time students and undergraduate degree candidates. At about the same time, Dartmouth adopted its unique "D-Plan", a schedule of year-round operation that allowed an increase in the enrollment (with the addition of females) without enlarging campus accommodations. The year is divided into four terms corresponding with the seasons; students are required to be in residence during their freshman year, sophomore year summer term, and senior year. One wag described it as a way to put 4,000 students into 3,000 beds. Although new dormitories have been built since, the number of students has also increased and the D-Plan remains in effect.

Dartmouth's motto is "Vox Clamantis in Deserto". The Latin motto is literally translated as "The voice of one crying in the wilderness", but the College administration often translates the phrase as "A voice crying in the wilderness", which, while not technically correct in Latin grammar, attempts to translate the synecdoche of the phrase. The motto is a reference to the Christian Bible's John the Baptist as well as to the college's location on what was once the frontier of European settlement. Richard Hovey's Men of Dartmouth was elected as the best of all the songs of the College in 1896, and today it serves as the school's alma mater, although the lyrics and title have since been changed to be gender-neutral.

The screenplay for the film Animal House was cowritten by Chris Miller (A.B. 1963) and is based loosely on a series of fictional stories he wrote in 1974 about his fraternity days at Dartmouth, including "The Night of the Seven Fires." In a CNN interview, John Landis said the movie was "based on Chris Miller's real fraternity at Dartmouth," Alpha Delta. In an interview with The Dartmouth, Miller said that at least one incident in the film—one in which a Delta Tau Chi brother skis down the stairs as the band plays "Shout"—occurred at an Alpha Delta party at Dartmouth. The names "Otter" and "Pinto" may be found in the Alpha Delta section of the yearbooks of the period, such as the 1963 Aegis. The movie was filmed at the University of Oregon.


Academics

The centerpiece of today's Dartmouth College is its undergraduate college of 4,078 students, constituting one of the most selective undergraduate institutions in the world. For the Class of 2010, 13,933 students applied for a little over 1,000 places in the class, and only 15.4% of applicants were admitted. Median SAT scores lie within the low 700s for each subject, and 93% of the members of the Class of 2010 graduated in the top ten percent of their high school class. 30% of the members of the Class of 2010 graduated as valedictorian, and 10% as salutatorian.

Alongside the undergraduate college lie small graduate schools, the Dartmouth Medical School (1797), the Thayer School of Engineering (1867), and the Tuck School of Business (1900). With these graduate programs, conventional American usage would accord Dartmouth the label of "Dartmouth University"; but because of the focus on the undergraduate body, as well as historical and nostalgic reasons (such as Dartmouth College v. Woodward), the school uses the name "Dartmouth College" for the entire institution.

Board of Trustees

Dartmouth is governed by a Board of Trustees. The board includes the College president and the state governor (both ex officio), eight trustees appointed by the board itself (Charter Trustees), and eight trustees (Alumni Trustees) nominated for board appointment by members of the Association of Alumni of Dartmouth College, a body created in 1854 that represents over 60,000 alumni. (Specifically, trustee candidates may be nominated by an alumni council or by alumni petition, then an election is held, and finally the winner is, by longstanding agreement, appointed to the board by all Trustees. Three recent petition candidates have become Trustees in this manner.)

Academic reputation

In 2007, Dartmouth College was ranked ninth (tied with Columbia University and the University of Chicago) among undergraduate programs at national universities by U.S. News and World Report. However, since Dartmouth is ranked in a category for national research universities, some have questioned the fairness of the ranking given the College's emphasis on undergraduate education.


Facilities

Hopkins Center for the Creative and Performing Arts

The Hopkins Center ("the Hop") houses the College's drama, music, film, and studio arts departments, as well as a woodshop, pottery studio, and jewelry studio which are open for use by students and faculty. The building was designed by the famed architect Wallace Harrison, who later modeled Manhattan’s Lincoln Center front façade after the Hopkins Center. Facilities include two recital halls and one large auditorium. It is also the location of all student mailboxes ("Hinman boxes") and the Courtyard Café dining facility. The Hop is connected to the Hood Museum of Art and the Loew Auditorium, where films are shown. The Hopkins Center is an important New Hampshire performance venue.

Nelson A. Rockefeller Center for Public Policy and the Social Sciences

The Nelson A. Rockefeller Center is a center for interaction and discussion on public policy. Dedicated in 1983, the center stands in tribute to Nelson A. Rockefeller (Class of 1930). Known on campus as Rocky, the Center provides students, faculty and community-members opportunities to discuss and learn about public policy, law, and politics. Sponsoring lunch and dinner discussions with prominent faculty and visitors, the Center aides provides close interaction and discussion.

The Rockefeller Center has established a Public-Policy Minor at Dartmouth College and an exchange program on political economy with Oxford University (Keble College). In addition, the Center provides grants to students engaged in public-policy research and/or activities.

The Rockefeller Center's Policy Research Shop is an innovative program that provides research upon the request of elected policy makers and their legislative staff throughout the year. The Center hires students to work under the direction of faculty members, who then produce reports that are typically between 5-15 pages long. The intent is to produce useful information in a timely fashion so that the information can be used in legislative deliberations.

The John Sloan Dickey Center for International Understanding

The John Sloan Dickey Center for International Understanding was established in 1982 to honor Dartmouth's twelfth president (1945-70), John Sloan Dickey. The purpose of the Dickey Center is to "coordinate, sustain, and enrich the international dimension of liberal arts education at Dartmouth." To this end, the Dickey Center is committed to helping Dartmouth students prepare for a world in which local, national and global concerns are more strongly linked than ever. It strives to promote quality scholarly research at Dartmouth concerning international problems and issues, with an emphasis on work that is innovative and cross-disciplinary. And it seeks to heighten public awareness and to stimulate debate on pressing international issues. The Dickey Center also hosts several student-run organizations, such as the Dartmouth World Affairs Council (WAC) or the War & Peace Fellows, which foster undergraduates' awareness of international affairs. Several grants and awards are also administered by the Dickey Center, including the prestigious Chase Peace Prize, conferred annually to the senior thesis that contributes most significantly to an understanding of the causes of peace and war.

Aquatic facilities

Alumni Gym hosts two pools, the Karl Michael Competition Pool and the Spaulding Pool. Together they comprise a total of fifteen 25-yard lanes and two 50-meter lanes. The Karl Michael Pool, constructed in 1962, was designed by former Dartmouth College Men's Varsity Swim Team captain R. Jackson Smith, class of 1936. In 1970, it was formally named the Karl Michael Pool, after the coach of the men's varsity swim team from 1939-1970. The pool features eleven 25-yard lanes, with a special bulkhead that can be lowered to create two 50 meter lanes. The pool area has a seating area for 1,200 spectators. The Michael Pool hosted the 1968 Men's NCAA Championships, in which several American records were set. The pool also features one and three meter diving boards, with a water well 12 to 14 feet deep.

Adjacent is the Spaulding Pool. Spaulding Pool is a 10 by 25 yard pool constructed during 1919 and 1920 and designed by Rich & Mathesius, Architects. The Spaulding Pool is one of the oldest continuously operating pools in the United States. The pool's interior walls feature original encaustic tiles designed by noted ceramist Leon Victor Solon, although a later mezzanine housing locker rooms has obscured some of the designs. The pool has seating for several hundred spectators. Both pools are currently used by the Men's and Women's Varsity Swim Teams, as well as a host of other programs within the college.

Housing clusters

As opposed to ungrouped dormitories or residential colleges as employed at such institutions as The University of Chicago and Yale, Dartmouth has several housing clusters located throughout campus. The College experienced a slight housing crunch due to the unusually high yield of the class of 2005. Partially as a result, the College erected temporary housing, and two new dormitory clusters were completed in the fall of 2006. Also starting in 2006, the College will guarantee housing for students during their freshman and sophomore years.

__________________
..ich habe mir angewöhnt, dass ich jeden Tag in den Garten schau und eine Blume hinrichte..." (Edmund Stoiber, Bayrischer Ministerpräsident)

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